Religion As A Cultural System - 1601 Words

Sociologists define religion as a cultural system of commonly shared beliefs and rituals that provides a sense of ultimate meaning and purpose by creating an idea of reality that is sacred, all-encompassing and supernatural (Durkheim in Giddens 2006 p.534). Religion can be viewed as a lifestyle or culture for some people: This culture entails united beliefs, the same values, customs and philosophies that generates a shared distinctiveness among a group of people. All religions have a behavioural aspect to them – these are distinctive activities in which members of the faith participate in, and that identify them as members of a religious community, an example of this would be Ramadan, this is a period of roughly thirty days fasting which Muslims partake in yearly which is then ended by a huge celebration named Eid al-Fitr. Sociologists are not concerned with the validity of religious beliefs, rather they tend to focus on the social effect that religion has on people individual ly, and the institution itself. Since the beginning of human existence religion has been a very important part of society’s substance. One thing that is notable is the difficulty of defining what religion is. Sociological thinkers also have conflicting views about what purpose religion has for society. Some theorists view it from a functionalist viewpoint, while others take the conflict stance. Functionalists are concerned with making sure an orderly fashion is upheld in society. They have a varietyShow MoreRelatedReligion As A Cultural System1033 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the different approaches that anthropologists took in regards to religion, anthropologists thoroughly focused on the different aspects of religion through the theories conducted in the 19th and 20th century. These different theories conducted in the nineteenth and twentieth century allowed anthropologists to look at religion as a product of the interpenetrations of cultural systems rather than a unified system. Religion was viewed as a belief in all societies and is highly visible. ReligiousRead MoreThe Symbolic Cultural System Of Religion Ess ay2274 Words   |  10 PagesReligion, whenever looked upon as a treatise within the periphery of being the society-approved construction of the mankind, compels the process of acquisition of cognizance about the popular religio-rituals of which the signifier is the religio-cultural ceremonies that can be construed as the mean of giving birth to the idea of the temporal prosperity of the state and that too definitely at the cost of obedience to the universal divine law. Creating illusory fantasies, religion is revered for presentingRead MoreClifford Geertz Religion As A Cultural System Summary1495 Words   |  6 PagesClifford Geertz, in his essay â€Å"Religion as a Cultural System†, presents what he considers to be the definition of religion. According to him, religion is about symbols and people use these symbols as a guide for their view of the world and how they should behave in that world. Religion, states Geertz is â€Å"a system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptionsRead MoreReligion Is A Cultural System Of Behaviors, Practices, And Moral Standards1552 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is a cultural system of behaviors, practices, world views, ethics, and social organization that relate humanity to an order of existence (Dictionary). With more than 84% of the world affiliating with religion, religion permeates the fabric of our existence by it’s influence on legal systems, nation’s policies, and moral standards (Religion stats). Making up 23% of the world population, the Muslim religion is divided into two sects: Sunni and Shi’a. The separation of the Muslim religion isRead MoreReligion : A Cultural System Of Behaviors And Practices, World Views, Ethics, And Social Organization1909 Words   |  8 Pagescompare it a little to my own religion. So to start this I think it would be appropriate to first ask the question what is religion? The definition would tell you that it â€Å"is a cultural system of behaviors and practices, world views, ethics, and social organization that relate humanity to an order of existence. About 84% of the world s population is affiliated with one of the five largest religions, namely Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism or forms of folk religion† (Wiki). However, that reallyRead MoreSimilarities In The Opposition. Ideas Do Not Prove Their909 Words   |  4 PagesSimilarities in the Opposition Ideas do not prove their value until they withstand the challenge of being questioned. On the surface, professor Craig Martin and anthropologist Clifford Geertz approach analyzing religion with opposing views. Martin dismisses definitions of religion claiming that no definition can encompass the practical use of the word and instead provides a step by step approach to explaining beliefs and actions in the perspective of a methodological atheist. Geertz, however, providesRead MoreCause of the Disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization1675 Words   |  7 PagesAryans, floods, drought, and/or decline in trade with other societies. Topic 1: On several occasions in class, we discussed the processes of accretion and syncretism. Describe and analyze the cross-cultural influences in a Mediterranean and Indus Valley context. Your essay should provide examples of cultural (remember the components of culture we discussed early in the semester) interchange between different societies and civilizations. Introduction Culture is the complex combination of intellectualRead MoreWestern Culture And Indian Culture1604 Words   |  7 Pages Our global world is full of dominant cultures that infiltrate their ascendancy into many of the world’s countries in a conscious and subconscious manner. An example of this cultural dominance can be seen in the bidirectional influence that Western Culture and the Indian culture portray onto one another. The cultures of the Western world and India in particular are alike one another on the basis that they are both economically established and are full of vibrant social societies. There is an idealizedRead MoreHumanities 130 Hinduism Paper733 Words   |  3 Pages130 Hinduism is a diverse body of religion, philosophy, and cultural practice native to and predominant in India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a desire for liberation from earthly evils (GodWeb,  n.d.). In this paper I will further explore what the Hindu religion is encompassed of. And delve into what makes the religion of Hinduism vital to the region it is originatedRead MoreCultural Relativity: the Root Cause of Conflict in Nigeria1428 Words   |  6 PagesCULTURAL RELATIVITY: THE ROOT OF CAUSE CONFLICT IN NIGERIA Nigeria is a multicultural nation with over 250 ethnic groups. Human beings are product of culture. Culture has made people what they are. Culture is the totality of experience of people in a given environment. Culture is complex whole of the people- this complex whole includes the beliefs, habits, modes and attitude of people. Culture is the result of interaction of people in a particular environment and the interpretation of their experiences

Our Current Prison System Should Not Be A Threat For Society

The main purpose of our current prison system is to either incapacitate or reform certain individuals considered to be a threat for society. Although a lifetime sentence is sometimes the only choice for the most vicious criminals whose violent behavior cannot be eliminated and whose release could impose a serious danger to society, we must understand that there are other non-serious offenders who have the chance to be rehabilitated; unfortunately for these individuals, the prison environment and its conditions, the inevitable interaction with violent inmates, and the stigmatization upon release could negatively affect their behavior turning them towards a life of crime which otherwise may have been avoided. Prisons can no longer be schools for criminals; therefore, some drastic changes must be made in order to ensure that those being released from prison are not worse than when they came in. Some members of society often think that the best way to rehabilitate an individual is by se nding him to prison because there he will most likely learn his lesson and will come out as a better human being; however, according to Michael Neminski, that is not usually the case and incarceration could actually have a negative effect on some people. For Neminski, offenders only seem to get better at committing crimes as they leave prison (2013). To put in in his own words Neminski says that â€Å"[when released] many criminals return to their old way of life after leaving prison, continuingShow MoreRelatedNew Model For An Improved Penal System1315 Words   |  6 Pagesan idea; the idea that our prison system is currently working against all of that for which we stand. Unfortunate as it may be, the current system we have implemented in our penitentiaries is failing. The current administration lacks the control it should naturally have; the prisoners who are released are likely to recommit crimes and thus continue to pose a threat to society while also reentering the system mul tiple times. I propose to phase out the current industrial system we long ago implementedRead MoreEssay about Therapy, Not Punishment843 Words   |  4 PagesTherapy, Not Punishment Problems with crime have always been a concern to society. There are many different ideas about what causes it and even more ideas about how to stop it. Dr. Karl Menninger believes that our current prison system is not adequately addressing the motivation behind crime. In his article Therapy, Not Punishment, Menninger says of the old prison system, In its place should go a quiet, dignified, therapeutic programÉ (544). He sets forth the claim of policy that criminalsRead MoreThe Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison Essay example1238 Words   |  5 PagesJeffrey Reiman, author of The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, first published his book in 1979; it is now in its sixth edition, and he has continued to revise it as he keeps up on criminal justice statistics and other trends in the system. Reiman originally wrote his book after teaching for seven years at the School of Justice (formerly the Center for the Administration of Justice), which is a multidisciplinary, crimi nal justice education program at American University in Washington, DRead MoreArticle Report On Overcrowding Of Prison Overcrowding1074 Words   |  5 Pages Clark, Charles S. Prison Overcrowding. CQ Researcher 4 Feb. 1994: 97-120. Web. 26 Mar. 2016. This article discusses overcrowding in the United States prison system, due in part to mandatory prison sentences. Additionally, this article also discusses the challenges in managing the overpopulation of prisons and gives an objective look at solutions, to include building more prisons, to combat overcrowding. While the author does not include information about himself and his qualifications, hisRead MoreThe Prison Reform System Is The Main Objectives Of The Modern Penal System1131 Words   |  5 PagesSince the introduction of the prison systems to humanity, people have always tried to think of ways to improve upon it. Prison, is and has been seen as the primary punishment against criminal acts. But, prison is no longer seen as just a form of punishment it is also seen as a form of rehabilitation. Now, seen as the main objectives of the modern penal system. We can still incorporated new methods to effectively rehabilitate convicts and make the reintegration process for them much easier. One ofRead MoreThe Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison by Jeffrey Reiman1268 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison by Jeffrey Reiman Jeffrey Reiman, author of The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, first published his book in 1979; it is now in its sixth edition, and he has continued to revise it as he keeps up on criminal justice statistics and other trends in the system. Reiman originally wrote his book after teaching for seven years at the School of Justice (formerly the Center for the Administration of Justice), which is a multidisciplinary, criminal justiceRead More capital punishment Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesyears later, Bundy is alive and well on the Death Row (Von Drehle 1A). A prisoner sentenced to death spends an average of 10 years, nationally, on death row waiting for their execution. More than 2,100 people live on Americas death Rows. At the current execution rate, it would take eighty-two years to kill them all. Death Row is going to get bigger, the wait for execution is sure to get longer, and the cost is bound to get higher. At this rate, it seems that capital punishment will never bec omeRead MorePrison Life in the UK1246 Words   |  5 PagesIn the world we live in today there is, has been, and always will be an infinite amount of controversies throughout society. Perhaps one of the most important, being that it could jeopardize our existence, is the debate of how to deal with what most everyone would consider unwanted. The members of the prison population can range from petty thieves to cold hearted serial killers; so the conflict arises on how they can all be dealt with the most efficient way. The sides can result in a wide range ofRead MoreRehabilitation Programs Should Be Abolished1669 Words   |  7 PagesAs Americans, we are very proud of our freedom. Ironically, the â€Å"land of the free† has more people imprisoned in proportion to its population than any other developed country in the world. There are over 2 million prisoners throughout the United States, and approximately 750,000 of them will be released within the year. With the current metho ds in place in the prison system, most offenders will likely fall back into the same way of life that originally landed them in jail. In fact, roughly two-thirdsRead MoreThe Controversy Over the Death Penalty Essay907 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem of overcrowded prisons, or is justice really being served? Why do some view the taking of a life morally correct? These questions are discussed and debated upon in every state and national legislature throughout the country. Advantages and disadvantages for the death penalty exist, and many members of the United States, and individual State governments, have differing opinions. Yet it seems that the stronger arguments, and evidence such as cost effectiveness, should lead the common citizen

How Does Hughes Create An Effective Description of a Windy Day Free Essays

Hughes uses a variety of poetic techniques to create an effective description of a windy day. He uses a lot of figurative language, such as metaphor, simile and personification. Hughes also creates the effect of a windy day using structural techniques such as enjambement, and the sound technique onomatopoeia. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Hughes Create An Effective Description of a Windy Day? or any similar topic only for you Order Now He often uses interesting lexis to help our imaginations. Hughes uses a lot of figurative language in this poem. One particularly effective technique is metaphor. He starts the poem with the metaphor – â€Å"This house has been far out at sea all night† This is very effective because it creates a very strong picture in your mind. â€Å"Far out† suggests isolation, and a mention of night suggests danger and fear. Another effective example of metaphor is â€Å"The skyline a grimace†. This suggests that the whole view and landscape is grotesquely distorted. A grimace means to pull a strange face, so this makes it an example of personification. The mental image is very clear too. Simile is another example of figurative language use by Hughes in this particular poem. What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy? iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/difference-figurative-literal-analogy/embed/#?secret=dRIiW99xWz" data-secret="dRIiW99xWz" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy?#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe â€Å"Flexing like the lens of a mad eye† This suggests that the view is constantly moving with the wind and the movement in my mind is visualised as everything bending, swaying and generally looking contorted. Similes are used throughout Hughes’s poem. Another magnificent example of a simile is â€Å"Rang like some fine green goblet† This makes the house seem very delicate, as a glass will shatter if it resonates at a certain pitch. Glass is brittle anyway, so using this particular material as a simile would automatically suggest fragility. Another example of simile is â€Å"Black gull bent like an iron bar slowly†. This suggests that the gull is fighting against the wind’s strength with all it’s might. The mental picture it puts into my mind is very clear, and it makes me think that the wind is very powerful. Personification is a type of figurative language, giving an inanimate object humane characteristics. An example of personification occurs in line 13 of the poem: â€Å"The fields quivering, the skyline a grimace† The fields are ‘quivering’ which suggests that they are afraid of the wind, and are shaking and ducking down to avoid the devastation that the wind can cause. In actual fact, the wind makes the grass bend over. Hughes uses structural techniques in his poetry, and enjambement is the one that probably stands out the most. How to cite How Does Hughes Create An Effective Description of a Windy Day?, Papers

Performance Evaluation Reporting Systems †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Performance Evaluation Reporting Systems? Answer: Introduction The impact and dominance of a company over its stakeholders is necessary and also the respect of the company in terms of positivity in the surroundings is important as well and all this is covered under and by the term Sustainability Reporting. Thought the ones who have implemented the sustainability report in their system may be less in amount, but the market is now at an uprising, which is acting together as in accordance with the incorporation of the financial and the non-financial reporting (Thomas, 2016). It has been always and mostly seen that a particular company likes to follow a particular method throughout its existence (Caradonna, 2014). This concept has been built up with a dream so as to increase the profit-making of all the stakeholders and at the same time makes advancement in the number of stakeholders trading in the market. Also, the sustainability report acts as a track record and a to-be-achieved list which marks the intentions of the performance of the company in the fields of social, economic, ethics, governance and also environmental dimensions. Since 1994 the Bunnings Warehouse is being owned by the Wesfarmers, and this warehouse is the largest known household hardware chin in the whole of Australia. This research also brings to light the fact in which the sustainability report is seen to be used by different companies so as to affect and alter the decisions of the stakeholders. Current sustainability practices of the Bunnings Warehouse As in relation to the matter of sustainability reporting, it is seen to not only act as a boon for the stakeholders of the company but is also seen to be a positive thing to be put up in the company. The companies also believe that the best way of taking decisions by stakeholders is by the use of this sustainability reporting. This can be explained by the fact that every action by the company has an equal reaction on its surrounding market as well. Maximum benefit to be provided to the stakeholders was the eager intention of the Bunnings Warehouse which is why it implemented the sustainability reporting method in its system. Though the implementation of the concept may be done a little late by the company activities in relation to the same were started long in the form of saving energy and water and still rendering possible healthy and quantity outputs for the company (Caradonna, 2014). The Bunnings Warehouse can be seen to pay attention towards the matters like responsible sourcing, waste reduction, active education, and various awareness initiatives so as to make the concept of sustainability reporting positive. From the whole explanation, it can be successfully deduced that the company intends to water and energy and to also minimize the waste products in order to uphold its sustainability priority. It can also be seen that the Bunnings Warehouse works in a direction so as to create new pioneering ideas so to relive the burden off the grid-source energy and to reduce the amount of carbon used in daily processes. A major advantage and importance of the sustainability report is the fact that it is successful in covering the loopholes which prevailed in the traditionally old reporting system and this why it is considered to be the best in a class by both the company and its stakeholders (Scott, 2009). The company should pull out some time to pay attention towards the sustainability reporting as it is healthy for the stakeholders. Sustainability reporting also highlights the measures taken up by the company so as to safeguard the environment and its resources. Sustainability reporting is the obvious reason for the increase in the demand for the non-financial information (Kruger, 2015). It also acts as a way to increase the profits of the company and the stakeholders. Recycling Bunnings warehouse pays attention to a large load of recycling items which is as per the sustainability reporting. The three key rules of the R are followed by the company to generate environmental friendly items. These three Rs are Recycle, Reuse and Reduce. Community groups and local councils also help the company to recycle and reuse the materials as per their priority and the sustainability measures to reduce waste. As per today, the company pays attention to the recycling of CFL that must not be thrown in a public area due to the presence of mercury in it. Battery back programs check the use of old batteries. Harmful and heavy metals persist in batteries that may hamper the soil. With the assistance of recycling processes, the organization decreased its landfill waste to 2.9 tons in the year 2016. Bunnings spreads awareness to reuse the old discarded timber pallets. The company also has contacts with the Queensland and South Wales which are used to buy the discarded pine pallets and reuse them. A plastic recycling program has also been taken up the company to reuse the discarded plastic strapping. Renovating old building has also been a part of the companys program in order to grow its dimensions. These recycling programs are an important step towards the safeguarding of the environment by the company. All this is done for a better future. Product safety and ethical sourcing It was thought by the Bunnings Warehouse to keep working with its partners or suppliers and at the same time increase the potential of the of the sourcing measures in accordance with Ethical sourcing program. The company also keeps close communication with its suppliers so as to check that the delivered product match up with their required standards. The company also invites auditing firms so as to get a clear view of their undertaken products so as to check that if they match up to their requirements. The company also checks the products on their level to make the product as per the expectations of the costumes. Energy efficiency Rapid change in the climate is the cause of the increasing greenhouse effect due to the increase in pollution, and this change in climate the most difficult challenge for the community. Bunnings Warehouse hopes that by the correct use of the sustainability it can cope with the rapid change in climate by deducting a number of greenhouse gases released (Wicks Colle, 2010). Gases released by the company have a dominating percentage of 85% from the use of electricity in stores and the remaining is from its produced waste. The company is making efforts to reduce the electricity consumption which includes the use of solar energy and also the installation of electricity reducing lights. The company has also made efforts for trialed climate adaptive comfort heating and cooling systems in its stores, which is considered as a more effective system for conservation of energy. All these measures have a natural air tempting technology in them. This shows that the company is on a move to better t he environment (Wicks Colle, 2010). Community assistance Helping the domestic areas, regional and national charities, and positive causes are included in the daily schedule of the Bunnings Warehouse throughout Australia. A massive amount of $37 million was raised up by it stores from community strategies. Lions Australia, Rotary, local charities and others are some of the non-profit making firms which are closely operated and provided assistance by the company. The company has also paid heed to the areas which were struck with emergencies and contingencies in association with the emergency services. Thus, the main target of the company is to generate an environment in which the companies will work in alignment and offer profits and benefits to the general public and the community. The company wants to leave its footprints with the kind of work it does for the environment. Implication for stakeholders in financial decision-making It is obvious of the stakeholders to have keenness I the affairs of the company, especially the inputs and the outputs of the company in terms of profits. It is seen that these stakeholders have the potential to affect the rise or fall of the company as per their dominance in the company (Pearce, 2012). The implementation of the sustainability reporting has led to the increase in belief in the company with facilitation in the communication of ideas and data related values so as to make a better environment as a whole (Ballot et. al, 2006). The Bunning Warehouse generally disclosed their effective measures against the risks in order to pace up their business. Governments, businesses, shareholders all gain profits from the sustainability reporting. Stakeholders like shareholders, customers, suppliers can attain knowledge about the working of the Bunnings and can have an idea about the measures of the company to expand in the future and helps them to take their own financial decisions as well. Sustainability reporting helps in reducing expenses. Another most important advantage provided by the sustainability reporting technique is that it assists in advancing the system of the company to make it function in a more enhanced way and to effectively carry out it's working (Ballot et. al, 2006). Bunnings can easily communicate with their investors regarding their KPIs and social impact in order to allow them in making relevant financial decisions. Despite all the working of the company is shown in the financial statements, still, it is demanded by the stakeholders to show the companys attitude towards a higher economic system embedded in the sustainability reports Recommendation Going by the above analysis it can be recommended that the organizations, as well as accounting advisors, must continuously seek an update in the area of sustainability reporting. It not only enhances the overall system but brings vast credibility to the process of reporting (Perrini Tencati, 2006). Also, to enhance the effectiveness of the sustainability report, the organization should have a strong command of the process of internal control so that it leads to a better form of reporting. The strategies related to the internal control are important to the integrity of the report and develops a strong trust between the management and the stakeholders (Ruffing, 2007). Conclusion The efforts made by the Bunnings in and as to the conservation of the environment can be a perfect example for the stakeholders to make crucial financial decisions in relation to the same. The efforts of the company can be shown in the form of measures adopted by the company to improvise recycling and the others relevant and environment-friendly programs. So it is obvious that these extra data acts as a boon to the stakeholders which help them in taking crucial financial decisions. This also makes the picture of the Bunnings more trustworthy. Loan offering financial institutions also demand the sustainability reports before providing loans. References Ballot, B., Heitger, D. L. Landes, C. E. 2006. The future of corporate sustainability reporting: A rapidly growing assurance opportunity. Journal of Accountancy, 20, pp. 65-74 Caradonna, J. L 2014.Sustainability: A History. Oxford University Press Freeman, E Alexander, M 2013. Stakeholder management and CSR: questions and answers. Oxford Press Kruger, P 2015. Corporate goodness and shareholder wealth. Journal of Financial economics, pp. 304-329 Pearce, J.M 2012. The Case for Open Source Appropriate Technology.Environment, Development and Sustainability, 14(3), pp. 425431. Perrini, F Tencati, A 2006. Sustainability and Stakeholder Management: the Need for New Corporate Performance Evaluation and Reporting Systems. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15, pp. 296-308 Ruffing, K 2007. Indicators to Measure Decoupling of Environmental Pressure from Economic Growth. London: Island Press. Scott, C.M 2009. Green Economics. London: Earthscan Thomas, S.A 2016. The Nature of Sustainability. Chapbook Press. Grand Rapids, Michigan Wicks, H Colle, D 2010. Stakeholder Theory, State of the Art. Cambridge University Press Answer: